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Volume 1 Issue 2, 2020
Improvement of Growth Performance and Management of Foot and Root Rot Disease of Lentil with Trichoderma sp. and Rhizobium sp.
Sayera Khatun, Asifa Aktar, Showdia Sarmin and Md. Mahmodol Hasan
Abstract: Microbial inoculants Trichoderma sp. and Rhizobium sp. were used to investigate their effects in controlling foot and root rot disease of lentil caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum through seed and soil inoculation. In vitro study showed that T. harzianum significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited the growth of R. solani, S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum. From the results it reveals that combined seed treatment with T. harzianum-TH and Rhizobium sp. significantly (P< 0.05) increased the seed germination and decreased seed borne infection of the fungi. The treatments also showed significant (P< 0.05) effect in reducing disease incidence in the field over the control. The highest seedling emergence and the lowest seedling mortality were recorded by the combined application of T. harzianum-TH and Rhizobium sp. Like-wise the plant shoot length, root length, stem diameter and fresh weight were significantly influenced by the same treatment. The yield and yield contributing characters viz. plant height number of branches plant-1, effective pods plant-1, non-effective pods plant-1, total pods plant-1, normal seeds plant-1, deformed seeds plant-1, total seeds plant-1, 1000-seed weight (g) and grain yield (t ha-1) were also considerably influenced by the combined application of T. harzianum-TH and Rhizobium sp. From the results it may be concluded that soil inoculation with T. harzianum-TH followed by seed treatment with T. harzianum-TH + Rhizobium sp. was the best combination for combating foot and root rot disease and for enhancing the growth and yield of lentil. However, further investigations should be done to apply the inoculants to control the foot and root rot disease of lentil in farmer level.
Helminth Parasites in Small Ruminants of Sub-urban Areas of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Md. Zakirul Islam, Md. Mamunur Rashid, Md. Zamal Uddin, Sm. Ahasanul Hamid, Lovely Nahar, Md. Emtiaj Alam, Alam Khan, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni, Moizur Rahman
Abstract: The growth, development and multiplication of small ruminants are greatly hampered by the helminth infections. This study determined the status of helminthic infection in sheep and goat of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The fecal samples collected from naturally infected animals were examined by direct smear method for detection of eggs followed by modified McMaster technique to determine the intensity of infection. Helminth parasites collected from slaughtered animals were also identified accordingly. Results of coprological examination showed the prevalence of helminthic infection was 86% in sheep and 78% in goat. The females were more prone to helminth infection than male. The eggs of Fasciola, Paramphistomum, Moniezia, Oesophagostomum, Trichuris and strongyle type were detected from both sheep and goat and percentage of infection were ranges from 82 to 11. Quantitative examination of 20 fecal samples (10 goats and 10 sheep) showed highest infection of strongyles group helminth (1883±125.83) followed by Fasciola (1267±28.87), Paramphistomum (734±76.38), Strongyloides (630±38.68), Moniezia (483±86.22) and Trichuris (450±75.50) irrespective of species of animals. Adult Fasciola, Paramphistomum, Moniezia, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Trichuris and metacestode Coenurus cerebralis, Cysticercus taenuicollis and hydatid cyst were identified from different organs of slaughtered sheep and goats. The results suggest that helminth parasites are highly prevalent in sheep and goats of the study area. Effective strategies are warned to control the helminthic infection for improvement of small ruminant’s production in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Effects of Dietary Vitamin C on the Growth, Carcass Compositions and Palatability of Labeo bata
Mahbuba Sultana, Md. Rony Hosen, Syeda Nusrat Jahan and Md. Mahabubur Rahman
Abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C on the growth, carcass compositions and palatability of Labeo bata for three months. The study was carried out in 12 cages set in a pond of the Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi under 4 treatments (T0, T1, T2 and T3) with 4 experimental feeds prepared by addition of vitamin C at the rate of 0 (Control), 100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg feed. During this study, the growth parameters (weight gain, SGR and survival rate), carcass compositions (Crude protein, lipid, fiber, carbohydrate, ash and moisture content) and palatability (Odor and taste) of the fish were measured by following standard methods. Significantly higher weight gain was recorded in T3 compared to other treatments. No significant difference found in SGR among the treatments but relatively higher SGR was recorded in T3. There were no significant differences among the treatments for the survival rate of the fish due to dietary vitamin C. A relatively higher carcass protein and lipid were estimated in the fish of T3 and T2, respectively. Moreover, carcass fiber, ash and carbohydrate content showed an increasing trend in the fish fed with vitamin C treated feed. The odor of cooked fish fed vitamin C treated feed was fresh and the taste was more or less sweet compared to the control fish. The present study concluded that dietary vitamin C at 400 mg/kg feed increased the growth and carcass protein of L. bata. Dietary vitamin C also affects the odor and taste of the fish.
Management of Blast of Rice Through Decontamination of Seeds with Glow Discharge Plasma and Plasma Activated Water
Md. Mahmodol Hasan, M. R. Talukder, Md. Belal Hossain, Hemanta Roy and Prabesh Rai
Abstract: Glow discharge plasma and plasma activated water (PAW) were evaluated for seed treatment (for different time duration) in controlling seed borne Pyriculara oryzae causing blast disease of rice. Control (without treatment) and chemical treatment were also used in order to compare the treatments effects. Conidial suspension of Pyricularia oryzae treated with O2-air glow discharge plasma for 120 s and air-plasma activated water for 12 min successfully reduced the conidial germination ability of Pyricularia oryzae on Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) medium. The plasma seed treatments used in this study showed parallel effect and some cases better effect than chemical seed treatment. The result is very much promising and positive for seed germination, field emergence (plant stand), and seedling health and in reduction of blast severity in the field. Among the plasmas used, O2-air glow discharge plasma for 90 s and PAW 9 min showed 14.96 and 20.21% increased plant stand over control treatment. The blast incidence and severity were significantly reduced in the plots which received seed treatment with O2-air glow discharge plasma for 120 s and air-plasma activated water (PAW) for 12 min. It can be concluded that the O2-air glow discharge plasma for 120 s and PAW for 12 min showed overall better performance with few exceptional cases.
Seasonal Variation in Length-weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) (Scombridae) from Ibrahim Hyderi Fish Harbour (Commercial Fishers’ Catch), Karachi Coast, Pakistan
Kanwal Muzzafar, Farzana Yousuf and Sumya Khatune
Abstract: The length-weight relationship and condition factor of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) were estimated using a total of 631 specimens with various sizes (36.00 – 101.00 g body weight; 9.50 – 20.30 cm in total length) from commercial fishers’ catch of the Arabian Sea, Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Samples were collected in different seasons from commercial catch landed at Ibrahim Hyderi Fish Harbor, Karachi, Pakistan. Total length (TL) and body weight for each individual were noted. The highest TL (20.30 cm) and BW (101.00 g) values for R. kanagurta were obtained in monsoon season. The lowest TL (9.50 cm) and weight (36 g) were found in post-monsoon. The highest condition factor and the lowest condition factor of R. kanagurta were determined as 2.766 (pre-monsoon) and 1.733 (monsoon), respectively. The allometric co-efficient (b) values of the LWRs for R. kanagurta were calculated as 1.79 in pre-monsoon, 1.07 in monsoon and 1.13 in post-monsoon. These results would be effective for stock assessment and management of this Indian mackerel fishery in the Arabian Sea and surrounding waters.
Alternative Livelihood Status of Hilsa Fishers’ in Chandpur District of Bangladesh
Farhana Taslima, Md. Delwer Hossain, Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda and Dil Afroza Khanom
Abstract: An investigation was carried out via personal interview, focus group discussion and crosscheck interviews with key informants, to evaluate the income potential and livelihood status of alternative income generating activities of Hilsa fisher of Chandpur district in Bangladesh for a period of 12 months from January to December 2018. An initial snapshot we got from our surveys revealed, that the fishers were all male (100%), half were in the middle age group (53%), the overwhelming majority were married (84%) and muslim (86%). Of them most were from the nuclear family (67%). The minority religion was Hindu (14%). Most of the fishers did have primary education (67%), a minority of them were illiterate (17%). All of them had access to water via tube-well water (100%); however, a significant minority were using kacha latrine (16%) and deprived of electric facilities (29%). Only 3% of the fisherman enjoyed pakka housing facility. In the domain of health, a third of the fishers (31%) was uninformed on modern health facilities and was dependent on the village doctor or Kobiraj. Income per annum for majority of the fishers ranged between 80 thousand to 150 thousand BDT. We have found that the local fishers had multiple income sources and were not entirely dependent on their primary occupation for the maintenance of their livelihood. For further development of the lives of the fisherman, we recommend an expansion of education, loan facilities from both the government and private agencies and proper management of the local resources.
Marketing System of Hilsa in Chandpur District of Bangladesh
Farhana Taslima, Md. Delwer Hossain, Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda and Dil Afroza Khanom
Abstract: A study was carried out between January to December of 2018 with an objective of understanding the practices of the Hilsa marketing system in the district of Chandpur. Constituents of the primary data include personal interviews, Focus Group Discussions of fishers, intermediaries and cross check interviews of key informants keeping the emphasis on overviews of Hilsa marketing exercise, marketing channel, marketing constraints and the role of marketing participants. “Fishery ghat or mach ghat” was the main landing center of hilsa in Chandpur district from where Hilsa was distributed and marketed throughout the country with grading practice. Though level of preservation knowledge of some of market participants was alarming, Hilsa wasfound to be stored by some aratdar. Majority of intermediaries were selffinanced. During this investigation it was observed that Hilsa marketing channel deals with both domestic and overseas marketing. Fishers were marginalized to a large extent both in the credit and product made by the advancing system of money lender, aratdar acted as a commission-based sales agent to sale the catch of fishers at the landing center. Wholesaler invested a huge amount of capital to purchase Hilsa for a short period of time and LC paikars exported their entire purchase to overseas market and retailers were the last intermediaries who sold Hilsa directly to consumer. Major constrains of Hilsa marketing includes infrastructure, long marketing chain, credit facility, and effective policy. For the development of the Hilsa market effective policies along with fishers’ cooperative societies are recommended.