Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Fasciola-infected Goat Liver Lesions Collected from Abattoirs in Rajshahi Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh

Rehana Parvin, Afsana Akta, Rubina Khatun, Most. Nahida Khatun, Nurularifa Khatun, Shah M. A. Rauf and Hossain M. Golbar

Abstract: Liver fluke infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants worldwide. The mechanism behind the fluke-induced liver lesions is poorly unveiled. We investigated Fasciola-infected liver lesions in goats grossly and histopathologically by routine and special staining methods. A total of 12 (11.76%) livers out of 102 showed gross changes including enlargement with the tense capsule, hemorrhage, or multi-focal depression with whitish discoloration and fluke within the bile ducts. The prevalence of Fasciola infections were 10.84 % in Black Bengal and 15.79% in Jamnapari goats. Female goats (13.20%) were more affected than the male goats (10.20%). Age-wise prevalence were 16.67%, 11.90%, 3.70%, 14.29%, 50.00% with the age of 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, > 4 years and aged goats, respectively. Goats were more infected in the rainy season (21.21%) in contrast to 8.82% in the winter and 5.71% in the summer seasons. Histopathologically, control livers showed normal architecture with scant fibrous connective tissue and a few inflammatory cells in the portal area. In Fasciola-infected livers, deposition of fibrous connective tissue increased with an increase in the infiltration of macrophages and eosinophils indicating their pivotal roles in fibrosis. An interesting finding was the deposition amyloid in the blood vessel in a Fasciola-infected liver section.

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Biochemical and Microbiological Quality of Dried Marine Fishes Collected from Local Market in Rajshahi City of Bangladesh

Md. Tariqul Islam, Simanta Mandal, Razia Sultana, Md. Abdur Rahim and Fawzia Adib Flowra

Abstract: The study was conducted in November 2019 to know the quality of marine dried fishes available in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh. Three marine dried fish species namely; Ribbonfish (Trichiurus lepturus), Bombay-duck (Harpadon nehereus), and Hairfin Anchovy (Setipinna taty) were selected to monitor the quality considering the moisture, pH, total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total plate count (TPC), and total fungal count (TFC) at the laboratory. The moisture content and pH for Ribbonfish, Bombay-duck, and Hairfin Anchovy were 20.50%, 24.1%, and 20.34%; and 6.58, 6.57, and 6.26, respectively. Besides, the TVBN and TBARS values for Ribbonfish, Bombay-duck, and Hairfin Anchovy were 37.95 mg/100g, 108.92 mg/100g, and 44.73 mg/100g; and 3.04 mg MDA/kg, 3.50 mg MDA/kg, and 2.06 mg MDA/kg, respectively. The TPC and TFC for the Ribbonfish, Bombay-duck, and Hairfin Anchovy were 7.36 log CFU/g, 5.67 log CFU/g, and 6.19 log CFU/g; and 3.10 log CFU/g, 2.00 log CFU/g, and 2.74 log CFU/g respectively. Almost all parameters except the pH and TFC of the dried fishes collected from the local market exceeded the acceptable limit; hence the overall quality of the studied dried fishes was unacceptable for human consumption.

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Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Mustard Varieties

Md. Abdul Alim, Munjury Mahfuza, Md. Belal Hossain, Md. Arifur Rahman, Mst. Sanjita Mostofa and Rakibul

Abstract: An experiment was conducted during the period from November 2017 to February 2018 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on the yield and yield attributes of mustard varieties. Two varieties namely BARI Sarisha-14 (V1) and BARI Sarisha-16 (V2) were assigned to the main plot and six integrated nutrient managements (INM) viz., 75% RDF(Recommended dose of fertilizer) (T1), 75% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha-1 (T2), 100% RDF (90:27:32:15:1, N:P:K:S:Zn:B) - (T3), 100% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha-1 (T4), 125% RDF (T5) and 125% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @2.5 t ha-1 (T6) to the sub-plot. Results revealed that most of the yield and yield attributes were significantly influenced by varieties and INM. The highest seed yield (1.82 t ha-1 ) was obtained from BARI Sarisha-16 and the lower seed yield (1.51 t ha-1 ) was observed in BARI Sarisha-14. Among the INM treatments, the highest seed yield (1.91 t ha-1 ) was recorded from 75% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha-1 (T2), which was statistically similar to 100% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha-1 (T4). Therefore, BARI Sarisha-16 should be grown with 75% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha-1 for obtaining higher yield.

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Potentiality of Antibiotic Free Broiler Meat Production Using Alternatives to Antibiotics in Bangladesh

Md. Zahirul Islam, Jahirul Islam, Md. Lipon Talukdar, Md. Nazmul Haque, Syed Sarwar Jahan and Md. Shariful Islam

Abstract: The current study highlighted the approaches to antibiotic free broiler production using probiotics and herbal extracts. One hundred and twenty-eight day-old broiler chicks of either sex (Cobb-500) were divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of eight birds such as T1 (Avigut, 1 g/3L), T2 (Lactobacillus spp., 5 ml/L), T3 (0.5 g/3L Avigut + 2.5 ml/L isolated bacteria) and T4 neither probiotics nor isolated bacteria (control). In another trial, four treatments were T1 (control, without supplementation/antibiotics), T2 (neem leaves extract, 3ml/L), T3 (okra pods extract, 5ml/L) and T4 (combined extract of neem leaves and okra pods, 1.5ml/L and 2.5ml/L, respectively). The lowest body weight gain was recorded for control groups of both trail whereas significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher body weight gain was recorded in T2 (2.28 kg, Lactobacillus spp.) and T4 (combined supplementation of aqueous extracts of neem leaves and okra pods, 2116.58±10.5). It was also observed that the mortality of the birds under herbal supplemental groups was minimum with an acceptable range (2 to 4%) whereas in control group the recorded mortality rate was 13%.. Therefore, it may conclude that antibiotics free broiler production is possible by using probiotics or suitable herbal extract supplementation.

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Broodstock Management and Seed Production at the Hatcheries in Rajshahi Region of Bangladesh

Dil Afroza Khanom, Nahida Sultana, Mst. Rima Aktar, Sadicunnar Shikha and Md. Abu Sayed Jewel

Abstract: A study was carried out to reveal brood stock management and fish seed production of the hatcheries in Rajshahi and Natore district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 25 hatcheries of Rajshahi and Natore district from January to July, 2019. The hatchery area ranged from 97 to 208 decimal and brood stock pond area varied from 50 to 100 decimal with an average depth of 5 feet. Drying, liming and fertilization were done for pond preparation where urea, TSP (Triple Super Phosphate), MP (Murate of Potash), DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) were used as fertilizer before stocking and also during culture period. Underground water was the main source for hatchery operation. Mustard oilcake, wheat bran, maize bran, auto rice bran, fish meal, and blood were used as supplementary feed. Argulosis was noted as the most common disease for brood fish and was found in 100% hatcheries of Rajshahi and 75% hatcheriesof Natore. It was found that, about 69% hatcheries in Rajshahi and 50% hatcheries in Natore collected brood fish from their own hatchery pond, other sources include, river (Padma, Jamuna and Halda) and Mymensingh, brood bank. Duration of breeding season extended for 10 months from November to August. A total of seven native and seven exotic fish species were used as brood fish for seed production.PG (Pituitary Gland) hormone injection were found to be used as single inducing agent and the injection doses varied from species to species whereas 17 -alpha methyl testosterone were used for tilapia monosexing. Lack of skilled manpower, high cost of hormone, less price of hatchling were noted as major problems. Proper training of hatchery operator, good quality brood fish and managing the hatchery in scientific way can enhance the production of good quality fish seed and able to meet the upgrowingdemand of fish farmer.

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Epidemiologic Surveillance of Newcastle Disease in Sonali Chicken in Naogaon District, Bangladesh

Md. Nazmul Haque and Md. Royhan Gofur

Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND), an economically important disease, is one of the major threats in poultry sector of Bangladesh. A retrospective epidemiologic surveillance using diagnostic records of Upazila Livestock Office, Badalgachhi, Naogaon was carried out to determine distribution and association of Newcastle disease in Sonali chicken with demographic and temporal variable in a calendar year. ND cases in Sonali chicken were confirmed by post-mortem examination of the sick and dead birds. During the study period, 168 cases of different diseases in Sonali chicken were recorded in which 19% cases were ND. The prevalence rate of ND was 8.2%, the mortality rate was 0.6% and the CFR was 7.3%. Growing Sonali chickens were more susceptible than chicks. The highest susceptibility of ND was observed in 51-60 days’ age group and the lowest in 0-10 days’ age group. The highest ND cases were found on the starting of summer (22%) as well as winter season (19%). Among 32 ND cases, 14 (44%) from the farms were not taken schedule vaccination program. To minimize the risk of ND outbreaks and protect the non-infected flocks and region.

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Phenology, Growth and Yield of Wheat Varieties as Affected by Soil Types and High Temperature Stress

Muhammad Nafis Uddin, Md. Ilias Hossain and Md. Toufiq Iqbal

Abstract: Varietal adaptability to environmental fluctuations is important for the stabilization of wheat production on both varieties and soil types. Soil properties and temperature stress may affect growth response and yield of wheat in Bangladesh. In this context, a pot experiment was conducted with four wheat varieties and four soil types, which was collected from different AEZ’s of Bangladesh. Each pot contains 6 kg of soil for every soil types. A 0.45 g of urea, 0.54 g TSP, 0.15g MOP, 0.36 g gypsum, 0.225g boron was added at the rate of 150 kg Urea/ ha, 180 kg TSP/ ha, 50 kg MOP/ ha, 120 kg Gypsum/ ha, and 7.5 kg Boric acid/ ha of land for each pot. As it was a completely randomized block design (CRD), 10 to 15 days interval the experimental pot was exchanged from one place to another to avoid positional error. Watering was done 1 to 2 days interval. Plant was thinned 8 plants per pot. Different growth and yield parameters like plant height, no. of grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, harvest index was calculated. From the experiment it was found that the wheat variety BARI gom-28 performed better among all other variety and different AEZ.

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Effect of Plant Growth Regulator- GA3 on the Potential Yield of Aromatic Rice

Shantona Mahato, Dipok Kumar, Muhammad Sarwar Murshed Akanda and Dhananjoy Kumar Mahato

Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the research field of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, during July to December 2018 to evaluate effects on flag leaf nutrient, chlorophyll content, growth and yield of aromatic cultivars under plant growth regulator- GA3. The experiment comprised of five level of GA3 viz. T1 (Control), T2 (50 ppm GA3), Ts3 (75 ppm GA3), T4 (100 ppm GA3), T5 (125 ppm GA3). There was a significant effect among different level of GA3 on maximum studied characters. Different level of GA3 found significant variation on the effective tiller, noneffective tiller, filled grain, unfilled grain, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index of rice cultivar was significant. The highest panicle length (28.37 cm), effective tiller hill-1 (20.34), filled grain panicle-1 (206.93) and 1000 grain weight (10.99) was found in treatment T5 (125 ppm GA3) .The highest grain yield (3.41 t ha-1 ), straw yield (4.28 t ha-1 ), biological yield (7.69 t ha-1 ) harvest index (44.37 %) was found in treatment T5 (125 ppm GA3). GA3 (125 ppm) performs the best on the growth, yield and yield components on the selected rice variety (Kalijira). Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) was significantly influence agronomical, morphological and physiological traits in rice and it was also significantly affected on yield.

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Weed Management Enhances Yield of Transplanted Aman Rice

Md. Anowarul Haque, Md. Sultan Uddin Bhuiya, Dipok Kumar and Muhammad Sarwar Murshed Akanda

Abstract: An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from June to December’2013with a view to finding out the weed control efficiency of different weeding regime effects on yield and yield components of transplanted aman rice. Four transplant aman rice varieties viz. BR11, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan56 and BINA dhan7 were used as a testing plant. Four different weeding regime treatments namely no weeding, hand weeding at 20 DAT and 35 DAT, Herbicide manage and Herbicide + one hand weeding at 35 DAT were evaluated. Weed population were significantly (P≥0.05) affected by varieties and weeding regimes. Paspalum scrobiculatum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Leersia hexandra, Oxalis europaea, Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoides and Fimbristylis diphylla were the major weeds found in the experimental plots. The effect of weeding treatments on weed density was significant. Among the weeding treatments hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT produced the best performance of all the crop characters including yield (3.90 t ha1 ), the next best was herbicide manage and no weeding treatments had the worst effect on yield (2.25 t ha-1 ). This study concluded that hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT practices enhanced growth response and yield of transplanted aman rice.

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Effect of Stocking Density on Growth and Survival of Vietnamese Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) in Cage Condition 

Sadicunnar Shikha, Md. Delwer Hossain, Dil Afroza Khanom, Md. Rezoanul Haque 

Abstract: A study was conducted at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the effects of stocking density of Vietnamese climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) to improve its growth in cage. Three stocking densities (initial weight, 1.16±0.15 g) were tested: with 60, 70 and 80 fish per cubic meter were chosen as treatment T1, T2, T3 each having three replications. Water quality parameters like temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and ammonia were monitored to assess environmental conditions. Growth was evaluated by using specific growth rate, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and cost benefit ration. These parameters were obtained from fortnightly measurements of body weight (gm) and total length (cm). During the experimental period, all the water quality parameters were within suitable range an d no gnificant difference were found between the treatments. Ranges for mean final weight (gm), final length (cm), specific growth rate (% body weight/day), survival rate (%), yield (kg/m3/120days), average daily weight gain (gm/day) and feed conversion ratio were 90.40-128.83, 16.26-17.33, 5.66-6.03, 80-83.33, 5.05-7.22, 0.75-1.07 and 1.74-2.18 respectively. Fish stocked at low stocking density for T1 (60 fish/m3) showed better performance than the fish stocked at higher stocking density for T2 (70 fish/m3)) and T3 (80 fish/m3). Low stocking density is optimal for increased production of Vietnamese climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in cage.

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Growth Responses, Carcass Yield Characteristics, Gastro-intestinal Development, Viability and Profitability of Japanese Quail Fed on Conventional Diet Supplemented with Organic Acid

Md. Jashim Uddin, Mohammad Abul Hossain, Ishrath Jahan and Tamim Mahmud

Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic acid (OA) on the productivity of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) raised in cages. Unsexed day old quail chicks (n=208) was randomly distributed into 4 treatments (D0, D1, D2, D3) with 4 replicates (13 chicks per replicate) in CRD. Broiler starter diet was fed on the chicks up to 14d. After that, formulated diet and treated water were fed the chicks from 15-56d. Quail chicks fed on the basal diet supplemented with 0% (D0), 0.15% (D1), 0.20% (D2) and 0.25% (D3) of acetic acid in water from 15 to 56d. Data revealed that feed intake (FI) and live weight (LW) of quail were increased (P<0.05) in the birds fed on supplemental diets (D1, D2 D3) compared to D0. The improved (P<0.01) LW (167.50g, 168.50g, 170.50g) were observed in the supplemented diets whereas least LW (160.75g) being in D0 on d56. Birds fed on supplemented diets (D1, D2 and D3) had higher (P<0.05) FI (20.25g, 20.75g, 22.75g) than that of D0 (19.75g) on d58. Better feed conversion ratio (7.4) was observed in the D3 compared to those of others. Highest dressing percentage (61.5%) and head weight (8.0g) were found in the D3 group whereas least dressing % (50.4%) and head weight (5.14g) being in control. Net return (13 Tk, 12 Tk) per kg live weight was higher in D1 and D3 and being the least in the control (6.48 Tk.). OA supplementation at the rate of 0.20 % and 0.25% in drinking water could improve the growth performance and economic return.

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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Combination on Growth and Yield of Tomato Varieties

Md. Ekramul Hoque, Md. Kawser Ali, Md. Moniruzzaman, Prabesh Rai and Shakil Ahmed

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Two tomato varieties BARI-2 (Ratan) and BARI-15 were used as planting material. Experiment was laid out in order to evaluate suitable variety, better management practices and to get high quality tomato production to overcome the adverse condition. Results revealed that the highest yield of tomato (48.41 t/ha) was found in BARI-2, (57.47 t/ha) was found in treatment T2= ½ Cow dung + ½ chemical fertilizer (Cow dung-7.5ton/ha + Urea-250kg/ha, TSP-200kg/ha, MOP-100kg/ha) and (63.57 t/ha) was found in treatment combination V1T2 (V1=BARI- 2; T2= ½ Cow dung + ½ chemical fertilizer (7.5ton/ha + Urea-250kg/ha, TSP-200kg/ha, MOP-100kg/ha) followed by BARI-15, poultry litter and chemical fertilizer.

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Investigation of Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreak in Cattle in Naogaon, Bangladesh 

Md. Nazmul Haque and Md. Royhan Gofur

Abstract: Lumpy skin disease (LSD), an acute infectious disease of cattle is first described in Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) in 1929 and the first outbreak in Bangladesh was on 14 July, 2019. The present study was undertaken to investigate the outbreak of LSD at Naogaon, Bangladesh in November/2019 to determine the incidence, frequency, mortality, case fatality rate and distribution of the disease for appropriate preventive and control measures. The investigation was performed by active surveillance. The total number of cattle of 58 farmers or owners was 204 in which 100 cattle were affected by LSD during 01/11/2019 to 22/11/2019. The incidence rate, mortality rate and case fatality rate of LSD in cattle was 49%, 0.5% and 1%, respectively. The highest frequency (30%) of LSD was in the age group of ˃5 yrs whereas the moderate and lowest frequency was in the age group of 0 to 1 yr and ˃2 to 3 yrs, respectively. The frequency rate of LSD was higher in female than male. Skin nodule (40%) was the highest frequencysign/symptom of LSD in cattle whereas edema of abdomen (5%) was the lowest. The present study represents that calves and older female cattle are more susceptible of LDS.

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