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Volume 5 Issue 2, 2024
Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Split Application of Nitrogen on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Boro Rice
Md. Mejbah Uddin, Afroza Sultana, Md. Arifur Rahman, Aporna Roy, Chandni Khatun and Nusrat Jahan Lima
Abstract: The goal of the experiment, to determine the effects of irrigation schedule and splitting of nitrogen on the yield and yield attributes of boro rice. The experiment involved three watering schedules: I1 (early tillering), I2 (early tillering + spike initiation) and I3 (early tillering + panicle initiation + flowering), along with four nitrogen splitting treatments: N1 (recommended basal dose), N2 (½ basal + ½ top dressing at tillering), N3 (⅓ basal + ⅓ top dressing at tillering + ⅓ top dressing at panicle initiation) and N4 (¼ basal + ¼ top dressing at tillering + ¼ top dressing at panicle initiation + ¼ top dressing at flowering). Three replications and split-plot design were used for the experiment. The highest plant height, number of tillers hill-1, number of functional tillers hill-1, panicle length, number of spikelet panicle-1, number of grain panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1, thousand grains weight were recorded from I3 with N4. The result showed highest grain yield (4.76 & 4.39 t ha-1), straw yield (5.69 & 5.26 t ha-1), biological yield (10.46 & 9.65 t ha-1) from I3 with N4. The fewest grain yield (3.19 & 3.71), straw yield (3.83 & 4.43) and biological yield (7.03 & 8.15) was recorded from I1 with N1. These results indicate that maximum grain yield can be achieved through four-split nitrogen application combined with watering at key reproductive stages.
Partial Substitution of Tapioca Flour with Others in Producing Fish Crackers
Sabekun Nahar Lima, Md. Faruk Abdulla, Nusrat Jahan Nitu, Mst. Sufia Akter and Md Tariqul Islam
Abstract: The replacement of tapioca flour with others is necessary to make fish crackers cheaper and more profitable in Bangladesh. For this purpose, fish crackers were prepared with 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of tapioca flour (TF) with corn flour (CF), rice flour (RF), and potato paste (PP) to determine linear expansion, hardness/crispiness, and color. The highest linear expansion (93.55%) was found in the control sample (100% TF). All values of linear expansion in corn flour (CF) treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the control sample. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in linear expansion among control, RF1, RF2, and PP1. The lowest hardness (4.9 N/mm) was observed in the control sample (100% TF); nearly the same results were found in RF1 and PP1, representing the highest level of crispiness. Lightness (L*) value was higher with increasing the amount of corn flour, but lowered gradually with increasing the amount of rice flour and potato paste. Therefore, only 25% replacement of TF with RF appeared to yield good results in terms of linear expansion and crispiness. On the other hand, the 25% replacement of TF with PP appeared to yield good results in terms of hardness/crispiness, but not for linear expansion. To sum up, only a 25% replacement of TF with RF would be possible without hampering linear expansion, crispiness and color, which could reduce the price of fish crackers.
Antibiogram Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pangas (Pangasius sutchi) Reared in Feed-Based Aquaculture Systems
Mst. Khadiza Khatun, Imon Kumar Shikdar and Md. Mahabubur Rahman
Abstract: The study was conducted to isolate and identify the E. coli bacteria from pangas catfish (Pangasius sutchi) raised in feed-based aquaculture systems and to determine the level of antibiotic susceptibility rates against commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture. The fish samples were collected from different feed-based aquaculture ponds in the Rajshahi region, Bangladesh. The laboratory tests were performed in the laboratory of the Department of Fisheries at the University of Rajshahi from January to March 2024. The bacteria were isolated by selective enrichment and cultured on different agar media following the standard methods. The bacterial isolates were confirmed based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics using different biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was studied by disc diffusion method with a panel of nine antibiotics viz., penicillin (10μg), vancomycin (30μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), gentamicin (10μg), ampicillin (25μg), rifampicin (5μg), kanamycin (5μg), erythromycin (15μg), and amoxicillin (10μg). The identified E. coli isolates revealed resistance rates of 88.89%, 66.67%, 55.56%, 77.78%, 11.11%, 50.0% and 33.33% to penicillin, vancomycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, kanamycin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, respectively. On the other hand, E. coli isolates revealed intermediate resistance rates of 11.11%, 22.22%, 44.44%, 22.22%, 27.78%, 50.0% and 66.67% to penicillin, vancomycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, kanamycin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, respectively. The isolates also showed sensitivity rates of 11.11%, 100%, 100.0%, and 61.11% to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and kanamycin, respectively. The results of the study indicated that E. coli bacteria present in P. sutchi reared in feed-based aquaculture in Rajshahi were found to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. If proper management is not followed, fish farmers and consumers could face additional challenges due to the resistant bacteria.