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Volume 2 Issue 1, 2021
Marketing System of Hilsa in Chandpur District of Bangladesh
Farhana Taslima, Md. Delwer Hossain, Md. Abdul Mannan Akanda and Dil Afroza Khanom
Abstract: A study was carried out between January to December of 2018 with anobjective of understanding the practices of the Hilsa marketing system in the district of Chandpur. Constituents of the primary data include personal interviews, Focus Group Discussions of fishers, intermediaries and cross check interviews of key informants keeping the emphasis on overviews of Hilsa marketing exercise, marketing channel, marketing constraints and the role of marketing participants. “Fishery ghat or mach ghat” was the main landing center of hilsa in Chandpur district from where Hilsa was distributed and marketed throughout the country with grading practice. Though level of preservation knowledge of some of market participants was alarming, Hilsa was found to be stored by some aratdar. Majority of intermediaries were self- financed. During this investigation it was observed that Hilsa marketing channel deals with both domestic and overseas marketing. Fishers were marginalized to a large extent both in the credit and product made by the advancing system of money lender, aratdar acted as a commission-based sales agent to sale the catch of fishers at the landing center. Wholesaler invested a huge amount of capital to purchase Hilsa for a short period of time and LC paikars exported their entire purchase to overseas market and retailers were the last intermediaries who sold Hilsa directly to consumer. Major constrains of Hilsa marketing includes infrastructural, long marketing chain, credit facility, effective policy etc. For the development of the Hilsa market effective policies along with fishers’ cooperative societies are recommended
Prevalence of Enteric Bacterial Diseases of Chickens with Isolation and Characterization of Causal Agents and Pathology in Gazipur District of Bangladesh
Salma Sultana, Md. Taimur Islam, Md. Ali Zinnah, Abu Nasar Md. Aminoor Rahman, Abdur Rahim Uzzal and Haider M. Golam
Abstract: Enteric bacterial diseases are important cause of high economic losses in chicken industry due to increased mortality, decreased weight gain, increased medication costs and decreased feed conversion rates. Isolation and identification of enteric bacteria along with the pathology they produce is crucial to determine the cause of enteric diseases in chickens for formulating effective therapy and control measures. We investigated the prevalence of enteric bacterial diseases focusing on isolation and identification of enteric bacteria with gross and histopathologic changes in chickens. A total of 100 chicken (60 dead and 40 live) samples collected from Kazi Poultry Farm Laboratory of Gazipur Chowrasta Branch were analyzed by culture, biochemical tests, necropsy and histopathology. The prevalence of enteric bacterial diseases were 80% colibacillosis, 75% fowl typhoid, 50% pullorum disease, 60% fowl paratyphoid and 40% fowl cholera. E. coli fermented most of the basic sugars while Salmonella fermented only dextrose and mannitol and produced acid and gas. Pasteurella multocida fermented dextrose and sucrose with the production of only acid. Among the Salmonella organisms, only the Salmonella paratyphi displayed motility. Hemorrhagic intestine and congested lungs in colibacillosis, bronze color liver with necrotic foci in fowl typhoid and punctuate hemorrhage in the coronary groove fat in fowl cholera were predominant gross findings. Focal necrosis, congestion of vessels and heterophilic infiltrations were evident in different organs as the histopathologic changes. These findings help the poultry industry to maintain the gut health of chickens.
Estimation of Production Performance of Desi Chicken under Modern Farming Condition
Md. Shariful Islam, Syed Sarwar Jahan, Jafor Raihan, Md. Sumon Ali, Md. Zahirul Islam and Abdisamad Hasan Husein
Abstract: A total of 200 hatching eggs of non-descriptive desi hens were collected and hatched out. The hatched-out day-old chicks were properly brooded for two weeks. After brooding 120 birds were equally distributed among three replications in the experimental shed until 13 weeks of age. The production performance was recorded in terms of feed intake (g), body weight and body weight gain (g), feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressing weight (g), dressing %, and survivability (%). The recorded feed intake for the flock was 3.33 kg. The results indicated that the average body weight and body weight gain of the experimental birds at 13 weeks of age was 1080.33 and 1052.33g, respectively. The estimated FCR for the flock was 3.16. The dressing weight and dressing % of the experimental flock were 744.24g and 68.89%, respectively. Finally, the observed survivability of the flock was 97.07% under intensive farming conditions.
Agar Tree (Aquilaria malaccensis) Cultivation and its Economic Importance: A case Study of Moulvibazar District of Bangladesh
Nasrin Akter, Nazmun Naher, Rashidul Hasan, Md. Masud Rana, Hafiza Arby, Sazzat Hossain Raihan
Abstract: The cultivation of Agar Plant (Aquilaria malaccensis) is a rising aspect of agricultural firms in Bangladesh, with some examples operating on a small scale, necessitating the development of appropriate techniques for spurring commercial output. As a result, the study aimed to discover commercial production strategies, producer returns, and risk-bearing abilities in small-scale agar plant farming. The research location was chosen as Barlekha upazila in Bangladesh's Moulvibazar district. During February-December 2016, sixty agar cultivators were selected randomly for agar processors, and agar tree chips/oil traders from three villages were randomly selected for the above purposes. The plants have an average life of around 15 years, and the number of trees in homestead of the farmers ranged from 0 to 500 with an average 68. About 30% of the respondent farmers sold total Agar Garden and 70% did not. The farmers who do not sell garden directly, among them 21.43% is involved in raw wooding, 64.29% is involved in processing Atar and 14.29% is involved in both raw and processed. Two marketing channels are prevalent in the study area. About 64% of the farmers sell agar trees before artificial wounding, by agreement between the agar farmers and the agar-based enterprise owners. About 36% of the farmers sell agar trees after artificial wounding. Agar tree dust was mainly used as a by-product for the raw materials of agar production. The profitability of Agar production (raw) revealed the discounted benefit-cost ratio (5.99). So, Agar tree production was found to be the most desirable and highly profitable. Moreover, the cultivation of Agar Plant has simultaneously improved participants' social, physical, human, and ecological capital. So, the study argues that this practice not only provides economic returns but also augment the livelihood capital of the local farmers, thus developing their community as a whole, and this research looks at some of the key aspects of that development. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cultivation of the Agar Plant can be the most effective strategy for generating income for the rural people in the study area and impact the local farmers' livelihoods in the Moulvibazar of Bangladesh.
Effects of Cypermethrin and Sumithion Exposure on the Haematological Profiles of a Minor carp, Labeo bata (H)
Md. Motiur Rahman, Jugol Kumar Sarker and Md. Mahabubur Rahman
Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of cypermethrin and sumithion exposure on the hematological profiles of Labeo bata in glass aquaria for 96 hrs through two experiments under three treatments (T1, T2 and T3). T1 was treated as control fish (for both experiment) and in the first experiment, fish were exposed to 0.001µg/L (T2) and 0.003 µg/L (T3) of cypermethrin whereas in the second experiment, fish were exposed to 0.75 mg/L (T2) and 1.50 mg/L (T3) of sumithion. During this study, behavior and hematological profiles (Total WBC and RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC) of the fish were analyzed by standard methods. When the fish were exposed to the pesticides, primarily decreased their food intake, exhibited restlessness and irregular swimming behavior and then showed lethargic swimming. After 96 hr of cypermethrin exposure, WBC and MCV increased and RBC, Hb, PCV and MCHC decreased significantly whereas after sumithion exposure, WBC and RBC, Hb, PCV and MCV increased and MCHC decreased significantly. The study indicated that exposure of cypermethrin and sumithion produce an adverse effect in hematological profiles that might affect normal behavior, immunity and growth of L. bata.